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Quiz 2 [Verb to be: questions and negatives - Short answers - Prepositions  - Possessive‘s - Opposite adjectives]

Lesson 3 #Basic Grammar Tense in Short As we already know the sentence formation as S + V+ O, Now we need to remember the things while writing or speaking English. For Present Tense or for those sentences which happen everyday and are universal truth, for such sentences we need to look at the subjects, if the subject is 3rd person singular number then with the verb we have to add -s/-es Like He plays cricket. If you find the helping verbs like am/is/are in present and was/ were in past then with the verbs we have to add "-ing".  Like: He is playing cricket. He was playing football.  If you find the helping verbs like have/has in present and had in past then we have to use 3rd form of the verbs.  Like: He has gone to school. I had eaten tandoori.   If you find the helping/modal verbs like can/shall/ought/may/will/could/would/might then we always have to use 1st form of the verbs. Like: He will help me.   Geeta may do that. **There are exceptions to the ...

Lesson 2 #Basic Grammar Third Person Singular Number Now as we know how to form a sentence we can practice that. We can remember the structure like this: S + V + O Where  S for Subject V for Verb O for Object Now the problem we face or the maximum mistakes we do is when we have to put s/es with the verb.  It is only applicable for present tense or for those sentences we use for everyday or happening everyday. For an example: He eats rice. Here it means that it is a regular thing. Now coming to s/es, first we have observe the subject very well. Points to check: Whether the subject is singular or not Whether 3rd person or not Only applicable for simple present tense Singular and plural come under number, when the subject is one or alone then we call it singular like he, she, a dog or any names or object. When it is more than one, then we call it plural like they, we, people, trees etc. Now coming to person, we have total 3 persons in English. First Person- I Second Person- You T...

Chaucer to Shakespeare Geoffrey Chaucer 1340-1400 The Romaunt of the Roses The Book of the Duchess (1369) Anelida and Arcite  The Parliament of Fouls  Troilus and Criseyde  The House of Fame (incomplete)  The Legend of Good Women  The Canterbury Tales William Langland (c. 1330-c. 1386)  The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman  A Treatise on the Astrolabe John Barbour (c. 1320-95) Bruce (1375) John Gower (1330-1408) Speculum Meditantis (c. 1376-78)  Vox Clamantis (c.1374-81)  Confessio Amantis James I 1394-1437 The King is Quair  Peblis to the Play  Christis Kirk on the Grene Sir David Lyndsay 1490-1555 The Dreme (1528)  The Testament of Squyer Meldrum  The Testaments and Compleyment of the Papyngo  The Pleasant Satyre of Thrie Estaits Robert Henryson 1429-1508  Morall Fabillis of Esope  The Testament of Cresseid  Orphens and Eurydice  Robene and Makyne  Garmond of Gude Ladies Willia...

Lesson 3: #Literature 1066-1500  Middle English Period Time:   1100-1500, it started with The Norman Conquest (1066). Features:   This period is about transition and experiment. Many of the works are anonymously done. The domination of poetry- authors are clergies. Famous works: Chronicles during this period is an unusual number of verse. Layamon's Brut was written by Layament, a monk of Arley Kings. Poetry: Religious Poetry:        The Ormulum The Cursor Mundi Poema Morale Metrical Romances The Matter of Britain The Matter of France The Matter of Rome Secular Poetry The Owl & The Nightingale Chronicles Layamon's Brut Cadwallader Alternative Poetry Purity Pearl Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The Age of Chaucer (sub period) Time:   135-1450, it includes the reign of Edward III and the long French Wars. Features:   Edward III and his grandson Richard II and the revolution 1399, the deposition of Richard II, the foundation of Lancastrian Dy...

Lesson 1 #Basic Grammar Learning grammar from the base Sentence formation Before starting to learn English we need to understand the language very well. For that we need to understand the sentence formation. A sentence comprises mainly three elements: Subject:(s)   The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. You can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb. Ask the question, "Who or what to verb and the answer to that question is the subject. Example .  I   eat   mango .(who eats mango?) Here  'I'  is the subject as asking the question we are getting the answer. Verb:(v)  a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.  Example .  I   eat   mango .(what do I do?) Here ' eat'  is the verv as asking the question we are getting the answer. Object:(o)  The object o...

Literary Terms Literary terms refer to the technique, style, and formatting used by writers and speakers to masterfully emphasize, embellish, or strengthen their compositions.  Literary terms also include powerful  figurative   language that writers use to summon emotion ranging from guilt to anger to bliss, and to allow us to see the world in new and magical ways.  Here are some important literary terms that we need to learn: Anti climax Anti Hero Byronic Hero Bowdlerize Carpe Diem Celtic Myths Dream Vision Deus Ex Machina Epiphany Epilogue Epigraph Euphemism Epithet Epilogue Incunabula Motif Malapropism Purple Patch Palinode Poetic Diction Poetic Justice Poetic Licence Parody Satire Soliloquy

Lesson 2: #Literature 450-1066  Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period Invasion of the German tribes to England Time:   Fifth century (450) to The Norman Conquest (1066) but it continues to 1150. Features:   Pagan origin, anonymous origin & the manuscripts of this period. Famous works: Four manuscripts are - The Beowulf (The greatest Germanic Epic poem)- It contains Beowulf & Judith. The Junius Ms- It contains so called Caedmonian poems. The Exeter Book - It contains two of the signed poems of Cynewulf. The Vercelli Book- It contains two of the signed poems of Cynewulf including "Elene and Andreas" & The Dream of the Rood" The Old English Period or The Anglo-Saxon Period's Literature can be divided into two main categories: Poetry:  Beowulf is the example of Old English Poetry under epic category.  Then comes the Pagan Poetry--> 'Christian'. 'Widsith', 'The Far Traveller', 'Waldere', 'The Fight at Finnsburh', 'T...

Lesson 1: #Literature The name of the periods & the timeline: 450-1066  Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period ⬇️ 1066-1500  Middle English Period ⬇️ 1500-1660   The Renaissance (or Early Modern) ↪️ (Sub period) 1558-1603   Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth) ⬇️ 1603-1625   Jacobean Age (James I) ⬇️ 1625-1649  Caroline Age (Charles I) ⬇️ 1649-1660 Commonwealth Period or Puritan Interregnum (Oliver Cromwell) ⬇️ 1660-1785 The Neoclassical Period  ↪️ (Sub period) 1660-1700  The Restoration (Age of Dryden) ⬇️   1700-1745  The Augustan Age (Age of Pope) ⬇️ 1745-1785 The Age of Sensibility (or Age of Johnson)  ⬇️ 1785-1832  The Romantic Period ⬇️ 1832-1901 The Victorian Period ↪️ (Sub period)   1848-1860  The Pre-Raphaelites  ⬇️ 1880-1901  Aestheticism and Decadence ⬇️ 1901-1914   The Edwardian Period ⬇️ 1910-1936   The Georgian Period ⬇️ 1914 -  The Modern Period ⬇️     1945 - Till...